The even-iterate frequency conjecture for the Collatz map

Let T:NNT:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N be the Collatz function, let T(k)T^{(k)} denote its kk-fold iterate, and fix n0Nn_0\in\mathbb N with n01n_0\geq 1. The even-iterate frequency conjecture. The proportion of even numbers among the sequence of iterates T(k)(n0)T^{(k)}(n_0) tends to 1/21/2 as kk tends to infinity. This is presented as an equivalent version of the Collatz conjecture in the paper and is therefore open with the Collatz problem.

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Primary source

Shalom Eliahou and Jean-Louis Verger-Gaugry, “The number system in rational base 3/2 and the 3x+1 problem”, arXiv:2504.13716 (2025).

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