Hegedüs' conjecture on non-exceptional q-ary equidistant codes

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Let HqnH_q^n be the Hamming space over an alphabet of size qq, and let C⊆HqnC\subseteq H_q^n be an equidistant code with distance dd. Hegedüs' conjecture. If

d≠(q−1)(n+1)q,d\neq \frac{(q-1)(n+1)}{q},

then

∣C∣≤n(q−1).|C|\leq n(q-1).

This conjecture generalizes Hegedüs' sharper upper bound in the binary case, where the corresponding result is known for distances different from (n+1)/2(n+1)/2; the general qq-ary case remains open.

References

Primary source

Sihuang Hu, Hexiang Huang and Wei-Hsuan Yu, “Hegedus' Conjecture and Tighter Upper Bounds for Equidistant Codes in Hamming Spaces”, arXiv:2504.07036 (2025).

Progress summary

Refreshed
Claimed solved

The stated conjecture is false, but a corrected version with a different exceptional distance was proved in 2025 and independently reproved in 2026.

The 2024 formulation asserts the bound for all non-exceptional distances using (q−1)(n+1)q\frac{(q-1)(n+1)}{q}. Hu, Huang, and Yu showed that this threshold is incorrect for general qq: for n=1n=1 and q≥3q\ge 3, all qq words form a counterexample.

April 2025 correction; June 2026 independent proof

  • Hu, Huang, and Yu prove the corrected theorem: if d≠(q−1)n+1qd\ne\frac{(q-1)n+1}{q}, then ∣C∣≤n(q−1)|C|\le n(q-1); at the corrected exceptional distance, n(q−1)+1n(q-1)+1 is tight for prime-power qq.
  • A June 2026 preprint gives an eigenvalue proof of the same corrected result and explicitly identifies it as the corrected qq-ary form of Hegedüs’ conjecture.
  • No retrieved source reports a standing objection, withdrawal, or retraction.

Current status (as of August 2026): The original statement is disproved for general qq, while the corrected assertion with exceptional distance (q−1)n+1q\frac{(q-1)n+1}{q} is proved and independently reproved.

Sources

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