Second-order Eulerian formula conjecture for flattened Fubini rankings

Let FRn\mathrm{FR}_n denote the set of Fubini rankings on nn competitors, and let flat_runsk(FRn)\mathrm{flat\_runs}_k(\mathrm{FR}_n) denote the flattened Fubini rankings with kk runs of ascents. Define

s(n,k)=flat_runsk(FRn).s(n,k)=|\mathrm{flat\_runs}_k(\mathrm{FR}_n)|.

Let E2(a,b)E_2(a,b) denote the second-order Eulerian numbers. Second-order Eulerian formula conjecture. For every relevant integer jj,

s(2j+1,j1)=i=0j1E2(2j+1,i)2i.s(2j+1,j-1)=\sum_{i=0}^{j-1}E_2(2j+1,i)2^i.

The source identifies the second-order Eulerian numbers with OEIS A340556 and states that proving this formula, as well as finding formulas for s(n,k)s(n,k) in general, remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kenny Barrese, Jennifer Elder, Pamela E. Harris and Anthony Simpson, “Enumerating Flat Fubini Rankings”, arXiv:2504.06466 (2025).

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