Second-order Eulerian formula conjecture for flattened Fubini rankings

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Let FRn\mathrm{FR}_n denote the set of Fubini rankings on nn competitors, and let flat_runsk(FRn)\mathrm{flat\_runs}_k(\mathrm{FR}_n) denote the flattened Fubini rankings with kk runs of ascents. Define

s(n,k)=∣flat_runsk(FRn)∣.s(n,k)=|\mathrm{flat\_runs}_k(\mathrm{FR}_n)|.

Let E2(a,b)E_2(a,b) denote the second-order Eulerian numbers. Second-order Eulerian formula conjecture. For every relevant integer jj,

s(2j+1,j−1)=∑i=0j−1E2(2j+1,i)2i.s(2j+1,j-1)=\sum_{i=0}^{j-1}E_2(2j+1,i)2^i.

The source identifies the second-order Eulerian numbers with OEIS A340556 and states that proving this formula, as well as finding formulas for s(n,k)s(n,k) in general, remains open.

References

Primary source

Kenny Barrese, Jennifer Elder, Pamela E. Harris and Anthony Simpson, “Enumerating Flat Fubini Rankings”, arXiv:2504.06466 (2025).

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