Gonek-Hughes-Farmer conjecture for maximum Dirichlet L-values

Let q>1q>1, let X\mathcal{X} be the group of Dirichlet characters modulo qq, and let L(χ,s)L(\chi,s) denote the associated Dirichlet LL-function. Gonek-Hughes-Farmer conjecture. As qq tends to infinity,

maxχmodqL(χ,1/2)=exp((1/2+o(1))logqloglogq).\max\limits_{\chi\bmod q}L(\chi,1/2)=\exp\left((\sqrt{1/2}+o(1))\sqrt{\log q\log\log q}\right).

This conjecture predicts the extreme central value among characters modulo qq, motivated by random-matrix and random-Euler-product heuristics. The source cites Gonek, Hughes and Farmer for the conjecture and records a substantially weaker lower bound, but gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ivan Ermoshin, “Large central values of Dirichlet L-functions in cosets”, arXiv:2504.05890 (2026).

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