Uniqueness conjecture for extremal connected graphs maximizing the two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues

Let GG be a connected graph with nn vertices, let c(G)=e(G)n(G)+ω(G)c(G)=e(G)-n(G)+\omega(G) be its cycle-space dimension, and let S2(G)S_2(G) denote the sum of the two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues of GG. For 1c(G)n21\leq c(G)\leq n-2, write G(n2c(G),c(G))G(s,n2s)G(n-2-c(G),c(G))\cong G(s,n-2-s). Extremal graph conjecture. Among all connected graphs with nn vertices and 1c(G)n21\leq c(G)\leq n-2, G(n2c(G),c(G))G(s,n2s)G(n-2-c(G),c(G))\cong G(s,n-2-s) is the unique graph with maximal value of S2(G)S_2(G). The conjecture proposes uniqueness of the extremal graph in the signless-Laplacian analogue of the corresponding Laplacian result; the source does not provide evidence that it has been resolved.

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Primary source

Zi-Ming Zhou, Zhi-Bin Du and Chang-Xiang He, “Extremal graphs for the sum of the first two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues”, arXiv:2504.04389 (2025).

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