Raising and lowering symmetry operators of the periodic Motzkin chain
Let be local spin- operators at site , let be the identity operator, and let be the periodic Motzkin-chain Hamiltonian. Define
\Sigma^\pm=\sum_{\substack{r_1,\dots,r_N\in\{-2,-1,0,1,2\}\r_1+\dots+r_N=\pm1}}s_1^{r_1}\cdots s_N^{r_N},where , , and .
Raising and lowering operator conjecture. There exist raising and lowering operators satisfying
with , and commuting with the Hamiltonian,
They are given by the displayed sum, equivalently by the residue formula in the source.
These operators would provide non-local symmetries connecting the conjectured ground states. The source reports verification through small system sizes but gives no proof or resolution.
References
Primary source
Andrei G. Pronko, “Periodic Motzkin chain: Ground states and symmetries”, arXiv:2504.00835 (2025).
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