The p-curvature formula for equivariant quantum Steenrod operators

Let X!X^! be a T!T^!-equivariant conical symplectic resolution over C\mathbb{C}, let xHT!2(X!;Fp)x\in H^2_{T^!}(X^!;\mathbb{F}_p), and let tt be the loop-rotation equivariant parameter of degree 22. Define

xT!=tx+xT!.\nabla_x^{T^!}=t\partial_x+x\star_{T^!}.

p-curvature conjecture. The equivariant quantum Steenrod operator satisfies

ΣxT!=(xT!)ptp1xT!.\Sigma_x^{T^!}=\left(\nabla_x^{T^!}\right)^p-t^{p-1}\nabla_x^{T^!}.

Here T!\star_{T^!} is equivariant quantum multiplication. The paper states that this conjecture was established for Springer resolutions and verified there for hypertoric varieties, so its general status beyond those cases remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shaoyun Bai and Jae Hee Lee, “3D mirror symmetry in positive characteristic”, arXiv:2503.23590 (2026).

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