The p-curvature formula for equivariant quantum Steenrod operators

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Let X!X^! be a T!T^!-equivariant conical symplectic resolution over C\mathbb{C}, let x∈HT!2(X!;Fp)x\in H^2_{T^!}(X^!;\mathbb{F}_p), and let tt be the loop-rotation equivariant parameter of degree 22. Define

∇xT!=t∂x+x⋆T!.\nabla_x^{T^!}=t\partial_x+x\star_{T^!}.

p-curvature conjecture. The equivariant quantum Steenrod operator satisfies

ΣxT!=(∇xT!)p−tp−1∇xT!.\Sigma_x^{T^!}=\left(\nabla_x^{T^!}\right)^p-t^{p-1}\nabla_x^{T^!}.

Here ⋆T!\star_{T^!} is equivariant quantum multiplication. The paper states that this conjecture was established for Springer resolutions and verified there for hypertoric varieties, so its general status beyond those cases remains open.

References

Primary source

Shaoyun Bai and Jae Hee Lee, “3D mirror symmetry in positive characteristic”, arXiv:2503.23590 (2026).

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