Conjecture on the Hilbert symbol and the coefficients Uk(u)U_k^{(u)}

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Let ℓ\ell be the prime and retain the notation introduced for JJ, the Hilbert-symbol computation, Uk(u)U_k^{(u)}, Uk′U_k', HH, cN′c_N', bb, π\pi, Δ\Delta, and ζℓ\zeta_{\ell}. For each u∈0,1u\in\\{0,1\\}, there exists an integer rur_u with

0≤ru≤⌈j−i02⌉.0\leq r_u\leq \left\lceil\frac{j-i_0}{2}\right\rceil.

The conjecture. For 0≤k≤⌈j−i02⌉0\leq k\leq \left\lceil\frac{j-i_0}{2}\right\rceil, the coefficients satisfy the stated congruences for Uk(u)U_k^{(u)} and Uk′U_k', and consequently

H/ℓN−ord⁡ℓ(cN′)≡{1(modℓ)(1≤ord⁡ℓ(cN′)<N)−1(modℓ)(ord⁡ℓ(cN′)=N)H/\ell^{N-\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')}\equiv \begin{dcases} 1 \pmod{\ell} &(1\leq \operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')<N)\\\\ -1 \pmod{\ell} &(\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')=N) \end{dcases}

and

(1+πfΔ,π−1,Δ)ℓN={ζℓ2b(−1)N−1(b≠0)ζℓ2cN′ℓord⁡ℓ(cN′)(b=0,1≤ord⁡ℓ(cN′)<N)ζℓ−2cN′ℓord⁡ℓ(cN′)(b=0,ord⁡ℓ(cN′)=N).(1+\pi^{f_{\Delta,\pi}-1},\Delta)_{\ell^N}=\begin{dcases} \zeta_{\ell}^{2b(-1)^{N-1}} &(b\neq0)\\\\ \zeta_{\ell}^{\frac{2c_N'}{\ell^{\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')}}} &(b=0,\\ 1\leq\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')<N)\\\\ \zeta_{\ell}^{-\frac{2c_N'}{\ell^{\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')}}} &(b=0,\\ \operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')=N). \end{dcases}

The author reports verification for N=2N=2, ℓ≤50\ell\leq50, N=3N=3, ℓ≤20\ell\leq20, and N=4N=4, ℓ≤20\ell\leq20; the result is proved in the case ord⁡ℓ(cN′)=N\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')=N, but remains open in general.

References

Primary source

Ryosuke Yanagihara, “Root numbers for twisted Fermat quotient curves”, arXiv:2503.22991 (2026).

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