Conjecture on the Hilbert symbol and the coefficients Uk(u)U_k^{(u)}

Let \ell be the prime and retain the notation introduced for JJ, the Hilbert-symbol computation, Uk(u)U_k^{(u)}, UkU_k', HH, cNc_N', bb, π\pi, Δ\Delta, and ζ\zeta_{\ell}. For each u0,1u\in\\{0,1\\}, there exists an integer rur_u with

0ruji02.0\leq r_u\leq \left\lceil\frac{j-i_0}{2}\right\rceil.

The conjecture. For 0kji020\leq k\leq \left\lceil\frac{j-i_0}{2}\right\rceil, the coefficients satisfy the stated congruences for Uk(u)U_k^{(u)} and UkU_k', and consequently

H/Nord(cN){1(mod)(1ord(cN)<N)1(mod)(ord(cN)=N)H/\ell^{N-\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')}\equiv \begin{dcases} 1 \pmod{\ell} &(1\leq \operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')<N)\\\\ -1 \pmod{\ell} &(\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')=N) \end{dcases}

and

(1+πfΔ,π1,Δ)N={ζ2b(1)N1(b0)ζ2cNord(cN)(b=0,1ord(cN)<N)ζ2cNord(cN)(b=0,ord(cN)=N).(1+\pi^{f_{\Delta,\pi}-1},\Delta)_{\ell^N}=\begin{dcases} \zeta_{\ell}^{2b(-1)^{N-1}} &(b\neq0)\\\\ \zeta_{\ell}^{\frac{2c_N'}{\ell^{\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')}}} &(b=0,\\ 1\leq\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')<N)\\\\ \zeta_{\ell}^{-\frac{2c_N'}{\ell^{\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')}}} &(b=0,\\ \operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')=N). \end{dcases}

The author reports verification for N=2N=2, 50\ell\leq50, N=3N=3, 20\ell\leq20, and N=4N=4, 20\ell\leq20; the result is proved in the case ord(cN)=N\operatorname{ord}_{\ell}(c_N')=N, but remains open in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ryosuke Yanagihara, “Root numbers for twisted Fermat quotient curves”, arXiv:2503.22991 (2026).

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