Generalized Gompf conjecture for 4-dimensional 2-handlebodies

Let WW and WW' be 44-dimensional 22-handlebodies. Two such handlebodies are 22-equivalent when they are related by a finite sequence of isotopies, handle slides, and creations or removals of cancelling handle pairs involving handles of index at most 22. Generalized Gompf conjecture. Any two diffeomorphic 44-dimensional 22-handlebodies are 22-equivalent. It is known that diffeomorphic handlebodies are 33-equivalent, whereas whether they are always 22-equivalent remains open.

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Primary source

Quentin Faes and Maksymilian Manko, “Non-factorizable ribbon Hopf Algebras”, arXiv:2503.19532 (2025).

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