Explicit complete Lyapunov function conjecture for the synchronisation map on the torus

Let GG be the synchronisation diffeomorphism of the torus considered in the paper, and let SS and RR be the open basins of attraction of its corresponding asymptotically stable fixed points. Define the continuous function L:T2R\mathcal{L}:\mathbb{T}^{2}\to\mathbb{R} by

L(x,y)={(x2π3)2+(y4π3)2(x2π3)(y4π3),if yx,(y2π3)2+(x4π3)2(y2π3)(x4π3),if y<x,\mathcal{L}(x,y)=\begin{cases} \left(x-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{4\pi}{3}\right)^2-\left(x-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)\left(y-\frac{4\pi}{3}\right),&\text{if }y\geq x,\\ \left(y-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)^2+\left(x-\frac{4\pi}{3}\right)^2-\left(y-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)\left(x-\frac{4\pi}{3}\right),&\text{if }y<x, \end{cases}

where (x,y)[0,2π[×[0,2π[(x,y)\in[0,2\pi[\times[0,2\pi[. Complete Lyapunov function conjecture. The function L\mathcal{L} is a complete Lyapunov function on T2\mathbb{T}^{2} for GG in the sense of Conley, possessing the required properties on SS and RR.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jorge Buescu and Henrique M. Oliveira, “Lyapunov functions for Morse-Smale synchronisation diffeomorphisms”, arXiv:2503.13230 (2025).

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