Kernel equality conjecture for the extremal noncommutative power-sum bound

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Let n,d≥2n,d\ge 2. For hermitian operators X1,…,XnX_1,\dots,X_n on a Hilbert space, define the extremal difference

H2d(X1,…,Xn)−μn,d(X12d+⋯+Xn2d).H_{2d}(X_1,\dots,X_n)-\mu_{n,d}(X_1^{2d}+\cdots+X_n^{2d}).

Kernel equality conjecture. For every such tuple,

ker⁡(H2d(X1,…,Xn)−μn,d(X12d+⋯+Xn2d))=ker⁡X1∩⋯∩ker⁡Xn.\ker \left(H_{2d}(X_1,\dots,X_n)-\mu_{n,d}(X_1^{2d}+\cdots+X_n^{2d})\right) = \ker X_1\cap\cdots\cap \ker X_n.

The equality is established in the paper for the quartic two-variable case discussed immediately beforehand, but the general assertion is presented as a speculation. If true, it would imply that equality in the corresponding extremal operator inequality occurs only when all operators vanish, and would yield a strictly improved bound for each fixed finite-dimensional tuple.

References

Primary source

Stephan Ramon Garcia and Jurij Volčič, “A noncommutative generalization of Hunter's positivity theorem”, arXiv:2503.12376 (2025).

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