Montgomery's ℓq\ell^q conjecture for Dirichlet polynomials

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Let MDirM_{Dir} be the matrix associated with Dirichlet polynomials D(t)=∑n=N2Nbneitlog⁡nD(t)=\sum_{n=N}^{2N}b_n e^{i t\log n}, with ∣bn∣≤1|b_n|\leq1, and suppose N≤T≤NO(1)N\leq T\leq N^{O(1)}. Montgomery's ℓq\ell^q conjecture. For every q≥2q\geq2,

∥MDir∥∞→q⪅N+N1/2T1/q.\|M_{Dir}\|_{\infty\rightarrow q}\lessapprox N+N^{1/2}T^{1/q}.

Equivalently,

∑t=1T∣D(t)∣q⪅Nq+Nq/2T.\sum_{t=1}^T|D(t)|^q\lessapprox N^q+N^{q/2}T.

The source describes this as equivalent to a sharp ℓq\ell^q estimate underlying a weaker form of the density hypothesis; no resolution is given.

References

Primary source

Larry Guth, “Large value estimates in number theory, harmonic analysis, and computer science”, arXiv:2503.07410 (2025).

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