Conjecture on shifted periodicity of Hankel determinants for Motzkin convolution powers

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Let F(x,r)=M(x)rF(x,r)=M(x)^r, where M(x)M(x) is the generating function of the Motzkin numbers, and let Hn(F(x,r))H_n(F(x,r)) be its Hankel determinants. The conjecture asserts that, for r≡0(mod3)r\equiv 0\pmod 3, the shifted period of Hn(F(x,r))H_n(F(x,r)) is rr, whereas, for r≡1r\equiv 1 or 2(mod3)2\pmod 3, its shifted period is 3r3r. This summarizes the periodic patterns predicted by the preceding formulas for the Hankel determinants of Motzkin convolution powers.

References

Primary source

Ying Wang and Yingrui Zhang, “Hankel determinants for convolution powers of Motzkin numbers”, arXiv:2502.21050 (2025).

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