Conjecture on Hankel determinants of Motzkin convolution powers when the exponent is not divisible by 3

From papers

Let M(x)=n0MnxnM(x)=\sum_{n\geq 0}M_nx^n be the generating function of the Motzkin numbers, let F(x,r)=M(x)rF(x,r)=M(x)^r, and write Hn(F(x,r))H_n(F(x,r)) for the Hankel determinant of the coefficients of F(x,r)F(x,r). For r1r\equiv 1 or 2(mod3)2\pmod 3, the conjecture asserts

H3rn(F(x,r))=H3rn+1(F(x,r))=H3rn+r(F(x,r))=H3rn+r+1(F(x,r))=α.H_{3rn}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+1}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+r}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+r+1}(F(x,r))=\alpha. H3rn+2r(F(x,r))=H3rn+2r+1(F(x,r))=0.H_{3rn+2r}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+2r+1}(F(x,r))=0. H3rn+2r1(F(x,r))+H3rn+2r+2(F(x,r))=β((2r)(n+1))r2.H_{3rn+2r-1}(F(x,r))+H_{3rn+2r+2}(F(x,r))=\beta\left((2r)(n+1)\right)^{r-2}. H3rn+2(F(x,r))+H3rn1(F(x,r))=12γr(r3),H_{3rn+2}(F(x,r))+H_{3rn-1}(F(x,r))=\frac12\gamma r(r-3),

where α=β=γ=1|\alpha|=|\beta|=|\gamma|=1. The conjecture describes the observed block structure, vanishing determinants, and paired sums for convolution powers whose exponent is congruent to 11 or 22 modulo 33.

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Primary source

Ying Wang and Yingrui Zhang, “Hankel determinants for convolution powers of Motzkin numbers”, arXiv:2502.21050 (2025).

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