Conjecture on Hankel determinants of Motzkin convolution powers when the exponent is not divisible by 3

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Let M(x)=∑n≥0MnxnM(x)=\sum_{n\geq 0}M_nx^n be the generating function of the Motzkin numbers, let F(x,r)=M(x)rF(x,r)=M(x)^r, and write Hn(F(x,r))H_n(F(x,r)) for the Hankel determinant of the coefficients of F(x,r)F(x,r). For r≡1r\equiv 1 or 2(mod3)2\pmod 3, the conjecture asserts

H3rn(F(x,r))=H3rn+1(F(x,r))=H3rn+r(F(x,r))=H3rn+r+1(F(x,r))=α.H_{3rn}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+1}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+r}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+r+1}(F(x,r))=\alpha. H3rn+2r(F(x,r))=H3rn+2r+1(F(x,r))=0.H_{3rn+2r}(F(x,r))=H_{3rn+2r+1}(F(x,r))=0. H3rn+2r−1(F(x,r))+H3rn+2r+2(F(x,r))=β((2r)(n+1))r−2.H_{3rn+2r-1}(F(x,r))+H_{3rn+2r+2}(F(x,r))=\beta\left((2r)(n+1)\right)^{r-2}. H3rn+2(F(x,r))+H3rn−1(F(x,r))=12γr(r−3),H_{3rn+2}(F(x,r))+H_{3rn-1}(F(x,r))=\frac12\gamma r(r-3),

where ∣α∣=∣β∣=∣γ∣=1|\alpha|=|\beta|=|\gamma|=1. The conjecture describes the observed block structure, vanishing determinants, and paired sums for convolution powers whose exponent is congruent to 11 or 22 modulo 33.

References

Primary source

Ying Wang and Yingrui Zhang, “Hankel determinants for convolution powers of Motzkin numbers”, arXiv:2502.21050 (2025).

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