Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for elliptic curves over number fields

Let E/KE/K be an elliptic curve. Write L(E/K,s)L(E/K,s) for its Hasse–Weil LL-function, r=ords=1L(E/K,s)r=\operatorname{ord}_{s=1}L(E/K,s), and let (r1,r2)(r_1,r_2) be the signature of KK. Let RegE/K\operatorname{Reg}_{E/K} be the regulator, ShaE/K\operatorname{Sha}_{E/K} the Tate–Shafarevich group, CE/K\operatorname{C}_{E/K} the product of Tamagawa numbers and other local factors, and E(K)torsE(K)_{\operatorname{tors}} the torsion subgroup. Denote by ΔK\Delta_K the discriminant of KK and by Ω+(E),Ω(E)\Omega_+(E),\Omega_-(E) the periods of EE.

Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. One has

ords=1L(E/K,s)=rk(E/K),\operatorname{ord}_{s=1}L(E/K,s)=\operatorname{rk}(E/K),

and the leading term at s=1s=1 satisfies

lims1L(E/K,s)(s1)rΔKΩ+(E)r1+r2Ω(E)r2=RegE/K\ShaE/KCE/KE(K)tors2.\lim_{s\to1}\frac{L(E/K,s)}{(s-1)^r}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{|\Delta_K|}}{\Omega_+(E)^{r_1+r_2}|\Omega_-(E)|^{r_2}}=\frac{\operatorname{Reg}_{E/K}|\Sha_{E/K}|C_{E/K}}{|E(K)_{\operatorname{tors}}|^2}.

This conjecture relates the analytic behavior of the Hasse–Weil LL-function to the arithmetic rank and the size of the Tate–Shafarevich group, assuming its finiteness. Its general status is not specified in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Céline Maistret and Himanshu Shukla, “On the factorization of twisted L-values and 11-descents over C_5-number fields”, arXiv:2501.09515 (2025).

Additional references

27 papers in this index state this conjecture (2003–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2312.05236, arXiv:2203.12159, arXiv:2110.05521, arXiv:2108.06034, arXiv:2107.09166, arXiv:2103.11001, arXiv:2103.03942, arXiv:2102.02702, arXiv:1808.03960, arXiv:1804.00418, arXiv:1712.02148, arXiv:1702.03516, and 14 more.

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