Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for elliptic curves over number fields

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Let E/KE/K be an elliptic curve. Write L(E/K,s)L(E/K,s) for its Hasse–Weil LL-function, r=ord⁡s=1L(E/K,s)r=\operatorname{ord}_{s=1}L(E/K,s), and let (r1,r2)(r_1,r_2) be the signature of KK. Let Reg⁡E/K\operatorname{Reg}_{E/K} be the regulator, Sha⁡E/K\operatorname{Sha}_{E/K} the Tate–Shafarevich group, C⁡E/K\operatorname{C}_{E/K} the product of Tamagawa numbers and other local factors, and E(K)tors⁡E(K)_{\operatorname{tors}} the torsion subgroup. Denote by ΔK\Delta_K the discriminant of KK and by Ω+(E),Ω−(E)\Omega_+(E),\Omega_-(E) the periods of EE.

Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. One has

ord⁡s=1L(E/K,s)=rk⁡(E/K),\operatorname{ord}_{s=1}L(E/K,s)=\operatorname{rk}(E/K),

and the leading term at s=1s=1 satisfies

lim⁡s→1L(E/K,s)(s−1)r⋅∣ΔK∣Ω+(E)r1+r2∣Ω−(E)∣r2=Reg⁡E/K∣\ShaE/K∣CE/K∣E(K)tors⁡∣2.\lim_{s\to1}\frac{L(E/K,s)}{(s-1)^r}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{|\Delta_K|}}{\Omega_+(E)^{r_1+r_2}|\Omega_-(E)|^{r_2}}=\frac{\operatorname{Reg}_{E/K}|\Sha_{E/K}|C_{E/K}}{|E(K)_{\operatorname{tors}}|^2}.

This conjecture relates the analytic behavior of the Hasse–Weil LL-function to the arithmetic rank and the size of the Tate–Shafarevich group, assuming its finiteness. Its general status is not specified in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Céline Maistret and Himanshu Shukla, “On the factorization of twisted L-values and 11-descents over C_5-number fields”, arXiv:2501.09515 (2025).

Additional references

27 papers in this index state this conjecture (2003–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2312.05236, arXiv:2203.12159, arXiv:2110.05521, arXiv:2108.06034, arXiv:2107.09166, arXiv:2103.11001, arXiv:2103.03942, arXiv:2102.02702, arXiv:1808.03960, arXiv:1804.00418, arXiv:1712.02148, arXiv:1702.03516, and 14 more.

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