Strengthened lower bound for the sum of the two smallest graph eigenvalues

From papers

Let GG be a graph of order nn, and let λn1\lambda_{n-1} and λn\lambda_n denote its two smallest eigenvalues. Strengthened eigenvalue conjecture. One has

λn1+λn2n3.\lambda_{n-1}+\lambda_n\geq -\frac{2n}{3}.

This strengthens the original conjectured bound c3=13c_3=\frac{1}{3} and was verified for all graphs of order at most 99; the general case remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sida Li, “Strengthened upper bound on the third eigenvalue of graphs”, arXiv:2501.07494 (2025).

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