Weighted-graph third-eigenvalue conjecture

From papers

For n2n\geq 2, let Sn\mathcal{S}_n be the set of n×nn\times n real symmetric matrices with entries in [0,1][0,1], and let λn1(M)\lambda_{n-1}(M) denote the penultimate eigenvalue of MM. Weighted-graph conjecture. The function λn1:SnR\lambda_{n-1}:\mathcal{S}_n\to\mathbb{R} satisfies

n3infMSnλn1(M).-\frac{n}{3} \le \inf_{M\in\mathcal{S}_n}\lambda_{n-1}(M).

This is the weighted-matrix extension of the extremal third-eigenvalue problem; the supplied text presents it as a conjecture and gives no resolution.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Giacomo Leonida and Sida Li, “On graphs with large third eigenvalue”, arXiv:2501.02563 (2026).

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