Hejhal's triple correlation conjecture for Riemann zeros

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Let γ,γ′,γ”\gamma,\gamma',\gamma” range over ordinates of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function, put γ~=(log⁡T)/(2π) γ\widetilde\gamma=(\log T)/(2\pi)\,\gamma, and let r^\hat r be the relevant two-dimensional Fourier transform. Define

H(a,b)=Hδ(a,b)+H∗(a,b),H(a,b)=H_{\delta}(a,b)+H_*(a,b),

where

Hδ(a,b)=δ(a)δ(b)+δ(a)min⁡{∣b∣,1}+δ(b)min⁡{∣a∣,1}+δ(a+b)min⁡{∣a∣,1 },H_{\delta}(a,b)=\delta(a)\delta(b)+\delta(a)\min\{|b|,1\}+\delta(b)\min\{|a|,1\}+\delta(a+b)\min\{|a|,1\text{ }\}, H∗(a,b)=2G(a,b)+min⁡{∣a∣,1}+min⁡{∣b∣,1}+min⁡{∣a+b∣,1}−2,H_*(a,b)=2G(a,b)+\min\{|a|,1\}+\min\{|b|,1\}+\min\{|a+b|,1\}-2,

and G(a,b)=max⁡{(2−∣a∣−∣b∣−∣a+b∣)/2,0}G(a,b)=\max\{(2-|a|-|b|-|a+b|)/2,0\}. Hejhal's triple correlation conjecture. For every continuous integrable function rr such that r^\hat r is Lipschitz continuous and integrable,

(Tlog⁡T2π)−1∑T≤γ,γ′,γ”≤2Tr(γ~−γ~′,γ~−γ~”)=∫R∫Rr^(a,b)H(a,b) da db+O(1log⁡T).\left(\frac{T\log T}{2\pi}\right)^{-1}\sum_{T\leq\gamma,\gamma',\gamma”\leq2T}r(\widetilde\gamma-\widetilde\gamma',\widetilde\gamma-\widetilde\gamma”)=\int_{\mathbb R}\int_{\mathbb R}\hat r(a,b)H(a,b)\,da\,db+O\left(\frac1{\log T}\right).

This is the three-point analogue of Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture and is motivated by the sine-kernel correlations of random unitary matrices. The source notes that restricted-support versions of general nn-point correlation results are known, while this full-strength formulation remains conjectural.

References

Primary source

Alessandro Fazzari and Maxim Gerspach, “The third moment of the logarithm of zeta and a twisted pair correlation conjecture”, arXiv:2412.20099 (2024).

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