Parabolic branching polynomial positivity conjecture

Let g\mathfrak{g} be a semisimple Lie algebra with Weyl group WW, positive roots R+R_{+}, weight lattice PP, and dominant weights P+P_{+}. Let g\overline{\mathfrak{g}} be a parabolic subalgebra with dominant weights P+\overline{P}_{+}, and let λ+γP+\overline{\lambda}+\gamma\in\overline{P}_{+}. For a dominant weight νP+\nu\in P_{+}, define

bν,λ+γ(p)=wWε(w)P^p(w(ν+ρ)λγρ),b_{\nu,\overline{\lambda}+\gamma}(p)=\sum_{w\in W}\varepsilon(w)\mathrm{\hat{P}}_{p}(w(\nu+\rho)-\overline{\lambda}-\gamma-\rho),

where P^p\mathrm{\hat{P}}_{p} is the partition function determined by

αR+R+11peα=ηQ^+P^p(η)eη.\prod_{\alpha\in R_{+}\setminus\overline{R}_{+}}\frac{1}{1-pe^{\alpha}}=\sum_{\eta\in\hat{Q}_{+}}\mathrm{\hat{P}}_{p}(\eta)e^{\eta}.

Parabolic branching polynomial positivity conjecture. The polynomial bν,λ+γ(p)b_{\nu,\overline{\lambda}+\gamma}(p) has nonnegative integer coefficients at least when λ+γP+\overline{\lambda}+\gamma\in P_{+}, that is when λ+γ\overline{\lambda}+\gamma is a dominant weight for g\mathfrak{g} (and not only for g\overline{\mathfrak{g}}). This polynomial specializes at p=1p=1 to the multiplicity of V(λ+γ)\overline{V}(\overline{\lambda}+\gamma) in the restriction of V(ν)V(\nu) from g\mathfrak{g} to g\overline{\mathfrak{g}}. The conjecture is only partially proved according to the source, including a result of Broer in type AA; the stated positivity in the indicated dominant-weight case remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Cédric Lecouvey, “Parabolic restrictions and double deformations of weight multiplicities”, arXiv:2412.10003 (2025).

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