Positivity conjecture for Newton-polytope support coefficients

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For w∈Snw\in S_n, write

θw=1+∑udu pu(w),\theta_w=1+\sum_u d_u\,p_u(w),

where θw\theta_w is the number of supports of Sw(x)\mathfrak{S}_w(x) and pu(w)p_u(w) counts occurrences of the permutation pattern uu in ww. The coefficients are computed recursively by

du=θu−1−∑σ∈Sℓℓ<mdσ pσ(u),d_u=\theta_u-1-\sum_{\sigma\in S_\ell\atop \ell<m}d_\sigma\,p_\sigma(u),

with the same stability property du=0d_u=0 when the final entry of u∈Smu\in S_m is mm. Support-coefficient positivity conjecture. For any permutation uu, du∈Z≥0d_u\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}. This is presented as an analogue of Gao's conjecture; no general resolution is given.

References

Primary source

Peter L. Guo and Zhuowei Lin, “Schubert polynomials and patterns in permutations”, arXiv:2412.02932 (2024).

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