Stably C1C^1 or stably fractal conjecture for partially hyperbolic systems

From papers

Let ff be a CrC^r partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism on a compact manifold MM, with r2r\geq 2. The distribution EfsE^s_f is stably C1C^1 if, for every f~Diffr(M)\tilde f\in\operatorname{Diff}^r(M) that is C1C^1-close to ff, Ef~sE^s_{\tilde f} remains C1C^1; it is stably fractal if, for every such f~\tilde f, Ef~sE^s_{\tilde f} has a fractal graph. The analogous properties are defined for EuE^u and EcE^c. Stably C1C^1 or stably fractal conjecture for partially hyperbolic systems. Among CrC^r, r2r\geq 2, partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, there exists a C1C^1-open, CrC^r-dense set Ω\Omega such that for each fΩf\in\Omega, the distribution EfE^\ast_f for {s,u,c}\ast\in\{s,u,c\} is either stably C1C^1 or stably fractal. Moreover, if EfuE^u_f and EfsE^s_f are both non-trivial, then EfcE^c_f is stably fractal. The conjecture is motivated by the expected C1C^1-stability of transversality-driven fractality and the fragility of C1C^1 center distributions; the source gives no resolution.

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Primary source

Disheng Xu and Jiesong Zhang, “Invariant distributions of partially hyperbolic systems: fractal graphs, excessive regularity, and rigidity”, arXiv:2411.19665 (2025).

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