The Galois representation conjecture for Hecke algebras

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Let EE be the quadratic field under consideration, let hh be the Hecke algebra acting on the relevant cohomology, let m⊂h\mathfrak{m}\subset h be a non-Eisenstein maximal ideal, and write T:=hm\mathbf{T}:=h_\mathfrak{m}. Let SS be the finite set of places outside which the residual Galois representation is unramified, and let qwq_w and Tw,iT_{w,i} denote the quantities occurring in the Hecke polynomial at a place w∉Sw\notin S. Galois representation conjecture. There exists a Galois representation

ρm:Gal(E‾/E)→GLn(T)\rho_\mathfrak{m}:{\mathrm{Gal}}(\overline{E}/E)\to\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbf{T})

unramified outside of SS and such that, for each w∉Sw\notin S, the characteristic polynomial of ρm(Frobw)\rho_\mathfrak{m}({\mathrm{Frob}}_w) is

∑i=0n(−1)iqwi(i−1)/2Tw,iXn−i∈T[X].\sum_{i=0}^n(-1)^i q_w^{i(i-1)/2}T_{w,i}X^{n-i}\in\mathbf{T}[X].

Scholze proves a version after quotienting by a nilpotent ideal; further results establish variants in some settings, including when pp is completely split in EE, but the full assertion remains open in the generality stated.

References

Primary source

Tristan Ricoul, “Real quadratic base changes for GL_3 and integral periods relations”, arXiv:2411.16381 (2024).

Additional references

6 papers in this index state this conjecture (2009–2024). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2108.13135, arXiv:1606.01294, arXiv:1601.01835, arXiv:1304.5684, arXiv:0905.0401.

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