Solymosi–Volkmann sum-product inequality conjecture

Let AA be a set of nn positive integers, and define

A+A={a+b:a,bA},AA={ab:a,bA}.A+A=\{a+b:a,b\in A\},\qquad AA=\{ab:a,b\in A\}.

Solymosi–Volkmann conjecture. One should have

A+AAA2n(n+1)2(2n+1)2,|A+A|\,|AA|^2\ge \frac{n(n+1)}2(2n+1)^2,

with equality if and only if AA is a geometric progression. The source states that this conjecture is supported by the dataset for positive integers, but also notes that the inequality fails for some sets of positive real numbers. Thus the stated integer version is recorded as open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kevin O'Bryant, “Visualizing the Sum-Product Conjecture”, arXiv:2411.08139 (2025).

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