The iSWAP equality conjecture for complete-graph gadgets

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Let KnK_n be the complete graph on nn vertices, and consider a gadget associated with a family of 2-local gates having parameter a=59a=\frac{5}{9} in the notation of the paper. Let T⁡2,KnIG⁡\operatorname{\mathcal{T}}_{2,K_n}^{\operatorname{IG}} denote the corresponding second-moment operator for the gadget family, and let Δ(⋅)\Delta(\cdot) denote the convergence gap. The iSWAP equality conjecture. For n≥5n\geq 5,

Δ ⁣(T⁡2,KnIG⁡)=Δ ⁣(T⁡2,KniSWAP⁡).\Delta\!\left(\operatorname{\mathcal{T}}_{2,K_n}^{\operatorname{IG}}\right)=\Delta\!\left(\operatorname{\mathcal{T}}_{2,K_n}^{\operatorname{\mathsf{iSWAP}}}\right).

In particular, gadgets associated with iSWAP⁡\operatorname{\mathsf{iSWAP}}, B⁡\operatorname{\mathsf{B}}, or CNOT⁡\operatorname{\mathsf{CNOT}} satisfy the stated parameter requirement and are conjectured to attain the fastest convergence toward unitary 2-designs for sufficiently large nn. The paper explains that a stronger spectral statement would imply the conjecture, but that a refined method is needed for a proof.

References

Primary source

Linghang Kong, Zimu Li and Zi-Wen Liu, “Convergence efficiency of quantum gates and circuits”, arXiv:2411.04898 (2024).

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