Quadratic commutativity conjecture for D8 qqqq-characters

Let T\fourK(x)\mathsf{T}_{\four}^{K}(x) denote the D8 qqqq-character and let f\four\fourK1K2(x1/x2)\mathsf{f}^{K_{1}|K_{2}}_{\four\four}(x_{1}/x_{2}) be the corresponding one-loop factor. D8 quadratic commutativity conjecture. For arbitrary K1K_{1} and K2K_{2}, the quadratic relations are

f\four\fourK2K1(x2/x1)T\fourK1(x1)T\fourK2(x2)f\four\fourK1K2(x1/x2)T\fourK2(x2)T\fourK1(x1)=0.\mathsf{f}^{K_{2}|K_{1}}_{\four\four}\left(x_{2}/x_{1}\right)\mathsf{T}_{\four}^{K_{1}}(x_{1})\mathsf{T}^{K_{2}}_{\four}(x_{2})-\mathsf{f}^{K_{1}|K_{2}}_{\four\four}\left(x_{1}/x_{2}\right)\mathsf{T}_{\four}^{K_{2}}(x_{2})\mathsf{T}_{\four}^{K_{1}}(x_{1})=0.

Moreover, this commutativity uniquely determines the sign factor (1)σ4(ρ)(-1)^{\sigma_{4}(\rho)} up to a global Z2\mathbb{Z}_{2} symmetry. The conjecture has been checked computationally through five instantons, but no proof is currently given.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Taro Kimura and Go Noshita, “Gauge origami and quiver W-algebras III: Donaldson–Thomas qq-characters”, arXiv:2411.01987 (2025).

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