Kuperberg–Lalin symplectic variance conjecture for quadratic character sums

From papers

Let kk be a positive integer, let rr be a positive fundamental discriminant, and let χr\chi_r be the primitive quadratic character modulo rr. Define

Tdk;xS(r):=nx(n,r)=1dk(n)χr(n).\mathcal{T}^S_{d_k;x}(r):=\sum_{\substack{n\leq x\\(n,r)=1}}d_k(n)\chi_r(n).

For y>0y>0, define the variance over positive fundamental discriminants in (y,2y](y,2y] by

Varr(y,2y](Tdk;xS):=Ey<r2y(Tdk;xS(r))2.\operatorname{Var}_{r\in(y,2y]}(\mathcal{T}^S_{d_k;x}):=\mathbb E^*_{y<r\leq 2y}\bigl(\mathcal{T}^S_{d_k;x}(r)\bigr)^2.

Here E\mathbb E^* denotes expectation over positive fundamental discriminants. Kuperberg–Lalin's symplectic variance conjecture. If x1/k+εyx^{1/k+\varepsilon}\leq y, then

Varr(y,2y](Tdk;xS)akS(T)xγdk,2S(logxlogy)(logy)2k2+k2,\operatorname{Var}_{r\in(y,2y]}(\mathcal{T}^S_{d_k;x})\sim a_k^S(\mathcal T)x\gamma_{d_k,2}^S\left(\frac{\log x}{\log y}\right)(\log y)^{2k^2+k-2},

where

akS(T)=2p(11p)k(2k+1)(1p+1(1+p2((1+1p)2k+(11p)2k))),a_k^S(\mathcal T)=2\prod_p\left(1-\frac1p\right)^{k(2k+1)}\left(\frac1{p+1}\left(1+\frac p2\left(\left(1+\frac1{\sqrt p}\right)^{-2k}+\left(1-\frac1{\sqrt p}\right)^{-2k}\right)\right)\right),

and γdk,2S(c)\gamma_{d_k,2}^S(c) is the piecewise polynomial of degree 2k2+k22k^2+k-2 defined as the leading coefficient in NN of

Idk,2S(c2N;N):=Sp(2N)j1++jk=c2N0j1,,jk2NScj1(U)Scjk(U)2dU.I_{d_k,2}^S(c2N;N):=\int_{\operatorname{Sp}(2N)}\left|\sum_{\substack{j_1+\cdots+j_k=c2N\\0\leq j_1,\ldots,j_k\leq 2N}}\operatorname{Sc}_{j_1}(U)\cdots\operatorname{Sc}_{j_k}(U)\right|^2\,\mathrm dU.

The conjecture is motivated by an analogous function-field result and incorporates the arithmetic factor akS(T)a_k^S(\mathcal T). The source states that it is proved when yx2(logx)Cy\geq x^2(\log x)^C for a sufficiently large constant CC, leaving the stated range beyond that regime open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Vivian Kuperberg and Matilde Lalín, “Arithmetic constants for symplectic variances of the divisor function”, arXiv:2410.17939 (2024).

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