Maximum preimage conjecture for the 123‾1\underline{23} and 321‾3\underline{21} stack-sorting maps

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Let Sn\mathfrak S_n be the set of permutations of length nn, and let SC123‾\text{SC}_{1\underline{23}} and SC321‾\text{SC}_{3\underline{21}} be the corresponding vincular-pattern-avoiding stack-sorting maps. Maximum-preimage conjecture. For every n≥2n\ge 2,

max⁡π∈Sn∣SC123‾−1(π)∣=max⁡π∈Sn∣SC321‾−1(π)∣=2n−2.\max_{\pi\in\mathfrak S_n}|\text{SC}_{1\underline{23}}^{-1}(\pi)|=\max_{\pi\in\mathfrak S_n}|\text{SC}_{3\underline{21}}^{-1}(\pi)|=2^{n-2}.

The claim gives the maximum possible preimage count for both maps. The surrounding paper develops bounds and related constructions, but the supplied text does not state a resolution of this assertion.

References

Primary source

William Zhao, “Stack-sorting with Stacks Avoiding Vincular Patterns”, arXiv:2410.17057 (2024).

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