Second-largest preimage conjecture for the 1231\underline{23} stack-sorting map

Let Sn\mathfrak S_n be the set of permutations of length nn, and let SC123\text{SC}_{1\underline{23}} be the vincular-pattern-avoiding stack-sorting map. Second-largest-preimage conjecture. For n3n\ge 3, the second-largest number of preimages that a permutation in Sn\mathfrak S_n can have under SC123\text{SC}_{1\underline{23}} is

2n3.2^{n-3}.

Moreover, exactly 2n22n-2 permutations πSn\pi\in\mathfrak S_n satisfy

SC1231(π)=2n3.|\text{SC}_{1\underline{23}}^{-1}(\pi)|=2^{n-3}.

The maximum preimage count for this map is discussed as 2n22^{n-2}; this conjecture concerns the next distinct preimage count and its multiplicity. Its resolution is not given in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

William Zhao, “Stack-sorting with Stacks Avoiding Vincular Patterns”, arXiv:2410.17057 (2024).

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