The conformal-invariance conjecture for FK percolation

Fix q[1,4)q \in [1,4) and r(0,1)r \in (0,1), and let DD be a simply connected domain. Let Dn=(Vn,En)D_n=(V_n,E_n) be discrete domains in 1nZ2\frac{1}{n}\mathbb{Z}^2 converging to DD. For critical FK percolation with cluster weight qq on DnD_n, let Γn\Gamma_n be the collection of all inner and outer boundaries of its open clusters. Let Γ\Gamma be a nested CLEκ\mathrm{CLE}_{\kappa'} in DD, where

κ=4πarccos(q/2)(4,6],κ=16κ[8/3,4).\kappa'=\frac{4\pi}{\arccos(-\sqrt{q}/2)} \in (4,6], \qquad \kappa=\frac{16}{\kappa'} \in [8/3,4).

Conformal-invariance conjecture. The collections Γn\Gamma_n converge in distribution to Γ\Gamma with respect to the metric dLd_{\mathfrak{L}}. This conjecture describes the expected scaling limit of FK loop ensembles; it is currently known only for q=2q=2, corresponding to κ=16/3\kappa'=16/3, and remains open for the other values in the stated range.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Haoyu Liu, Xin Sun, Pu Yu and Zijie Zhuang, “The bulk one-arm exponent for the CLE_κ' percolations”, arXiv:2410.12724 (2026).

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