Unimodality conjecture for refined plane-partition Betti numbers

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For integers n≥0n\ge 0 and δ∈12Z\delta\in\frac12\mathbb Z, let

bδ(ℓ,n)=#{π∈PP:w(π)=n,  w−(π)−w+(π)+δw0(π)=ℓ},b_\delta(\ell,n)=\#\{\pi\in\mathrm{PP}: w(\pi)=n,\; w_-(\pi)-w_+(\pi)+\delta w_0(\pi)=\ell\},

where PP\mathrm{PP} is the set of plane partitions and w−w_-, w0w_0, and w+w_+ are the sums of the entries strictly below, on, and strictly above the diagonal, respectively. Unimodality conjecture for refined plane-partition Betti numbers. The sequences

(b0(m,n))m∈Z\bigl(b_0(m,n)\bigr)_{m\in\mathbb Z}

are unimodal for all integers n≥0n\ge 0. The result is known computationally for all n≤30n\le 30, while the paper also establishes parity unimodality; the full unimodality remains conjectural.

References

Primary source

Nian Hong Zhou, “Unimodality and certain bivariate formal Laurent series”, arXiv:2408.04433 (2025).

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