The distributional conjecture for normalized L-invariants

Let NN be an integer coprime to pp, set Γ0=Γ0(Np)\Gamma_0=\Gamma_0(Np), and let ρ:Gal(Q/Q)GL2(Fp)\overline{\rho}:\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q)\to\operatorname{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb F}_p) be modular of level Γ0(N)\Gamma_0(N). Let Sk(Γ0)±S_k(\Gamma_0)^{\pm} be the subspace of pp-new cuspforms on which ap=±pk/21a_p=\pm p^{k/2-1}. For each sign, define

yT±(ρ)={2(p+1)k(p1)vp(Lf) | fSk(Γ0)± is an eigenform of weight kT, ρfρ}.\mathbf y_T^{\pm}(\overline{\rho})=\left\{\frac{2(p+1)}{k(p-1)}v_p(\mathcal L_f)\ \middle|\ f\in S_k(\Gamma_0)^{\pm}\text{ is an eigenform of weight }k\le T,\ \overline{\rho}_f\simeq\overline{\rho}\right\}.

Distributional conjecture. For each sign ±\pm, the sets yT±(ρ)\mathbf y_T^{\pm}(\overline{\rho}) become equidistributed for Lebesgue measure on [1,0][-1,0] as TT\to\infty. This conjecture proposes a statistical law for pp-adic valuations of L\mathcal L-invariants and is presented as a close relative of Gouvêa's slope distribution conjecture. The paper supplies numerical and heuristic evidence but no proof of the general statement.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

John Bergdall and Robert Pollack, “New phenomena arising from L-invariants of modular forms”, arXiv:2407.17411 (2026).

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