The distributional conjecture for normalized L-invariants

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Let NN be an integer coprime to pp, set Γ0=Γ0(Np)\Gamma_0=\Gamma_0(Np), and let ρ‾:Gal⁡(Q‾/Q)→GL⁡2(F‾p)\overline{\rho}:\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q)\to\operatorname{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb F}_p) be modular of level Γ0(N)\Gamma_0(N). Let Sk(Γ0)±S_k(\Gamma_0)^{\pm} be the subspace of pp-new cuspforms on which ap=±pk/2−1a_p=\pm p^{k/2-1}. For each sign, define

yT±(ρ‾)={2(p+1)k(p−1)vp(Lf) | f∈Sk(Γ0)± is an eigenform of weight k≤T, ρ‾f≃ρ‾}.\mathbf y_T^{\pm}(\overline{\rho})=\left\{\frac{2(p+1)}{k(p-1)}v_p(\mathcal L_f)\ \middle|\ f\in S_k(\Gamma_0)^{\pm}\text{ is an eigenform of weight }k\le T,\ \overline{\rho}_f\simeq\overline{\rho}\right\}.

Distributional conjecture. For each sign ±\pm, the sets yT±(ρ‾)\mathbf y_T^{\pm}(\overline{\rho}) become equidistributed for Lebesgue measure on [−1,0][-1,0] as T→∞T\to\infty. This conjecture proposes a statistical law for pp-adic valuations of L\mathcal L-invariants and is presented as a close relative of Gouvêa's slope distribution conjecture. The paper supplies numerical and heuristic evidence but no proof of the general statement.

References

Primary source

John Bergdall and Robert Pollack, “New phenomena arising from L-invariants of modular forms”, arXiv:2407.17411 (2026).

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