Conjecture on vanishing and nonvanishing traces on Hecke newspaces

Let m2m\geq 2 be a fixed non-square integer, and let Tmnew(N,k)T_m^{\operatorname{new}}(N,k) denote the restriction of the mm-th Hecke operator to the new subspace Sknew(Γ0(N))S_k^{\operatorname{new}}(\Gamma_0(N)), where NN is coprime to mm. Newspace trace dichotomy conjecture. There exist integers N1N_1 and N2N_2, both coprime to mm, such that

TrTmnew(N1,k)=0\operatorname{Tr} T_m^{\operatorname{new}}(N_1,k)=0

for all even k2k\geq 2, while

TrTmnew(N2,k)0\operatorname{Tr} T_m^{\operatorname{new}}(N_2,k)\neq 0

for all even k2k\geq 2. The conjecture is based on numerical computations after the authors report that the analogous blanket nonvanishing statement for newspaces is false, with several vanishing families already found. The proposed dichotomy remains open in the supplied source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

William Cason, Akash Jim, Charlie Medlock, Erick Ross, Trevor Vilardi and Hui Xue, “Nonvanishing of Second Coefficients of Hecke Polynomials on the Newspace”, arXiv:2407.11694 (2025).

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