Centered maximal variation conjecture with endpoint improvement

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Let MM be the centered Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator on fRfR, and let f∈BV⁡(fR)f\in\operatorname{BV}(fR) have limits f(∞)f(\infty) and f(−∞)f(-\infty) at the two ends. Write Var⁡(f)\operatorname{Var}(f) for the total variation of ff. Centered maximal variation conjecture with endpoint improvement. One should have

Var⁡(Mf)≤Var⁡(f)−12∣ ∣f(∞)∣−∣f(−∞)∣ ∣.\operatorname{Var}(Mf)\leq \operatorname{Var}(f)-\frac12\big|\,|f(\infty)|-|f(-\infty)|\,\big|.

This would strengthen the conjectured bound Var⁡(Mf)≤Var⁡(f)\operatorname{Var}(Mf)\leq\operatorname{Var}(f) for the centered operator, improving the known estimate with an unspecified constant factor. The paper proves the displayed inequality for piecewise constant functions with alternating nonzero and zero values.

References

Primary source

Paul Hagelstein, Dariusz Kosz and Krzysztof Stempak, “Variation of the one-dimensional centered maximal operator on simple functions with gaps between pieces”, arXiv:2407.06734 (2025).

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