Centered maximal variation conjecture with endpoint improvement

Let MM be the centered Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator on fRfR, and let fBV(fR)f\in\operatorname{BV}(fR) have limits f()f(\infty) and f()f(-\infty) at the two ends. Write Var(f)\operatorname{Var}(f) for the total variation of ff. Centered maximal variation conjecture with endpoint improvement. One should have

Var(Mf)Var(f)12f()f().\operatorname{Var}(Mf)\leq \operatorname{Var}(f)-\frac12\big|\,|f(\infty)|-|f(-\infty)|\,\big|.

This would strengthen the conjectured bound Var(Mf)Var(f)\operatorname{Var}(Mf)\leq\operatorname{Var}(f) for the centered operator, improving the known estimate with an unspecified constant factor. The paper proves the displayed inequality for piecewise constant functions with alternating nonzero and zero values.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Paul Hagelstein, Dariusz Kosz and Krzysztof Stempak, “Variation of the one-dimensional centered maximal operator on simple functions with gaps between pieces”, arXiv:2407.06734 (2025).

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