Generic existence of regular points and Birkhoff averages

Let a dynamical system have a positive-volume subset of its ambient space. A point is pωp\omega-regular if it has the regularity property denoted by pωp\omega in the source; forward Birkhoff averages and forward Lyapunov exponents are understood in the usual sense. Generic regularity conjecture. For a dense/generic subset of dynamical systems, there exists a positive-volume subset in the ambient space such that at least one of the following holds: the points are pωp\omega-regular; forward Birkhoff averages exist at all points; or forward Lyapunov exponents exist and the points are Lyapunov regular. This would yield physical measures for the smooth systems in the open classes of non-uniformly hyperbolic flows and diffeomorphisms discussed in the paper, and a criterion for obtaining physical/SRB measures from the sectional Lyapunov spectrum.

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Primary source

Vitor Araujo and Luciana Salgado, “A characterization of physical measures for systems with mixed central behavior”, arXiv:2405.10144 (2025).

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