Twisted Ratios conjecture for Dirichlet LL-functions

Let rr be a prime, let χ0\chi_0 be the principal character modulo rr, and let ff be a completely multiplicative function with f(n)=f(n)1gcd(n,r)=1f^*(n)=f(n)\mathbf 1_{\operatorname{gcd}(n,r)=1} and L(s,f)=pr(1f(p)ps)1L^*(s,f)=\prod_{p\ne r}(1-f(p)p^{-s})^{-1}. Let (s1)=(s2)=12+ε\Re(s_1)=\Re(s_2)=\frac12+\varepsilon, let 1m1,m2r1\leq m_1,m_2\leq r^\hbar, and put T=max(s1,s2)T=\max(|\Im s_1|,|\Im s_2|). Twisted Ratios conjecture. If ε,>0\varepsilon,\hbar>0 are sufficiently small, then for some absolute constant ω(0,12]\omega'\in(0,\frac12], independent of r,ε,r,\varepsilon,\hbar,

Eχχ0χ(m1)χ(m2)L(s1,χ)L(s2,χ)=Eff(m1)f(m2)L(s1,f)L(s2,f)+Oε((1+T)εrω).\mathbb E_{\chi\ne\chi_0}\frac{\chi(m_1)\overline\chi(m_2)}{L(s_1,\chi)L(s_2,\overline\chi)}=\mathbb E_f\frac{f^*(m_1)\overline{f^*(m_2)}}{L^*(s_1,f)L^*(s_2,\overline f)}+O_\varepsilon((1+T)^\varepsilon r^{-\omega'}).

This twisted form is presented as an implication of the usual Ratios Conjecture and would support the paper's estimates in ranges where character orthogonality is unavailable. The source does not establish it.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Victor Y. Wang and Max Wenqiang Xu, “Harper's beyond square-root conjecture”, arXiv:2405.04094 (2025).

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