Malle–Bhargava heuristics for prescribed local conditions

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Let kk be a number field, let nn be a positive integer, and let Σ=(Σp)p\Sigma=(\Sigma_\mathfrak{p})_\mathfrak{p} be an acceptable degree nn collection of local conditions on kk. Write Extk,n\mathbf{Ext}_{k,n} for the isomorphism classes of degree nn extensions K/kK/k whose Galois closure has group SnS_n, and define

Extk,n,≤X={K∈Extk,n:Nm⁡(disc⁡(K/k))≤X}.\mathbf{Ext}_{k,n,\leq X}=\{K\in\mathbf{Ext}_{k,n}:\operatorname{Nm}(\operatorname{disc}(K/k))\leq X\}.

For such a collection, let

Nk,n(X;Σ)=#{K∈Extk,n,≤X:K satisfies Σ}.N_{k,n}(X;\Sigma)=\#\{K\in\mathbf{Ext}_{k,n,\leq X}:K\text{ satisfies }\Sigma\}.

Malle–Bhargava heuristics. One expects

lim⁡X→∞Nk,n(X;Σ)X=12⋅Res⁡s=1(ζk(s))⋅∏p∈Πkm(Σp).\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{N_{k,n}(X;\Sigma)}{X}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\operatorname{Res}_{s=1}\bigl(\zeta_k(s)\bigr)\cdot\prod_{\mathfrak{p}\in\Pi_k}m(\Sigma_\mathfrak{p}).

This predicts an asymptotic count of degree nn extensions with Galois closure group SnS_n, bounded by discriminant norm and subject to prescribed acceptable local conditions. The supplied text does not establish the assertion or provide evidence resolving its status.

References

Primary source

Sebastian Monnet, “S_n-extensions with prescribed norms”, arXiv:2405.02740 (2025).

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