Hardness conjecture for certifying lift-monotone properties of random regular graphs

Let HH be a dd-regular multigraph on kk vertices, and let ε>0\varepsilon>0. Write Lm(H)\mathcal{L}_{m}(H) for an mm-sheeted lift of HH. The operators Sεrand\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand}}, S~εrand\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand}}, Sεadv\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{adv}}, and S~εadv\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{adv}} denote, respectively, random, respectful random, adversarial, and respectful adversarial noise as defined in the source. Let G(n,d)\mathcal{G}(n,d) denote a uniformly random dd-regular graph on nn vertices, and let G((n2,n2),d)\mathcal{G}((\frac n2,\frac n2),d) denote the corresponding random bipartite dd-regular graph. Hardness of detecting noisy lifts. If HH is Ramanujan, then there is no polynomial-time algorithm that achieves strong detection between SεrandLm(H)\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand}}\mathcal{L}_{m}(H) and G(n,d)\mathcal{G}(n,d). The same holds when Sεrand\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand}} is replaced by any of S~εrand\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand}}, Sεadv\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{adv}}, or S~εadv\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{adv}}. If HH is bipartite Ramanujan, then there is no polynomial-time algorithm that achieves strong detection between Sεrand,biLm(H)\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand},\mathrm{bi}}\mathcal{L}_{m}(H) and G((n2,n2),d)\mathcal{G}((\frac n2,\frac n2),d). The same holds when Sεrand,bi\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand},\mathrm{bi}} is replaced by any of S~εrand,bi\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{rand},\mathrm{bi}}, Sεadv\mathcal{S}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{adv}}, or S~εadv\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}_{\varepsilon}^{\mathrm{adv}}. These conjectures are intended to imply hardness for certifying quantities that are lift-monotone, such as the independence number divided by the number of vertices, because such quantities can increase under graph lifts.

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Primary source

Dmitriy Kunisky and Xifan Yu, “Computational hardness of detecting graph lifts and certifying lift-monotone properties of random regular graphs”, arXiv:2404.17012 (2024).

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