Kronecker congruence conjecture for Ramanujan's continued fraction of order 10

Let U(τ)U(\tau) be the modular function considered above, and for an odd prime p5p\neq 5 let Up(X,Y)=0U_p(X,Y)=0 denote its modular equation of level pp. Kronecker congruence conjecture. For an odd prime p5p\neq 5, the modular equation satisfies

Up(X,Y){(XpY)(XYp)(modpZ[X,Y]),if p±1(mod10),(XpY)(X+Yp)(modpZ[X,Y]),if p±3(mod10).U_p(X,Y)\equiv\begin{cases} (X^p-Y)(X-Y^p)\pmod{p\mathbb{Z}[X,Y]}, &\text{if }p\equiv\pm 1\pmod{10},\\ (X^p-Y)(X+Y^p)\pmod{p\mathbb{Z}[X,Y]}, &\text{if }p\equiv\pm 3\pmod{10}. \end{cases}

This conjecture is proposed from the modular equations computed for U(τ)U(\tau), whose associated modular curve has genus one and therefore is not accessible by the methods used for the analogous modular equations of g(τ)g(\tau).

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Victor Manuel Aricheta and Russelle Guadalupe, “Ramanujan's continued fractions of order 10 as modular functions”, arXiv:2404.05756 (2025).

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