Nonsplit quantum unique ergodicity conjecture for Hilbert–Maaß forms

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Let EE be a real quadratic field, let Γ\Gamma be the relevant arithmetic subgroup, and let (ϕj)(\phi_j) be an orthonormal basis of Hilbert Maaß cusp forms on SL2(OE)\(H×H)\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathcal{O}_E)\backslash(\mathbb{H}\times\mathbb{H}), with spectral parameters t1,jt_{1,j} and t2,jt_{2,j}. Restricting ϕj(z1,z2)\phi_j(z_1,z_2) to the diagonal gives the signed measure dμj(z)≔ϕj(z,z) dμ(z)d\mu_j(z)\coloneqq\phi_j(z,z)\,d\mu(z) on Γ\H\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H}. For H∈Cb(Γ\H)H\in C_b(\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H}), define

Dj(H)≔∫Γ\HH(z) dμj(z)−3πμj(Γ\H)∫Γ\HH(z) dμ(z).\mathcal{D}_j(H)\coloneqq \int_{\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H}}H(z)\,d\mu_j(z)-\frac{3}{\pi}\mu_j(\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H})\int_{\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H}}H(z)\,d\mu(z).

Set

C(As⁡ϕj)≔(3+∣t1,j+t2,j∣)2(3+∣t1,j−t2,j∣)2.C(\operatorname{As}\phi_j)\coloneqq(3+|t_{1,j}+t_{2,j}|)^2(3+|t_{1,j}-t_{2,j}|)^2.

Nonsplit quantum unique ergodicity conjecture. For every fixed H∈Cb(Γ\H)H\in C_b(\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H}),

lim⁡C(As⁡ϕj)→∞Dj(H)=0.\lim_{C(\operatorname{As}\phi_j)\to\infty}\mathcal{D}_j(H)=0.

This is a nonsplit analogue of an off-diagonal quantum unique ergodicity statement: the diagonal restrictions of Hilbert Maaß cusp forms should dissipate as the Asai analytic conductor grows. The source says the conjecture is out of reach by current methods; a holomorphic base-change analogue is known, while the general case remains open.

References

Primary source

Peter Humphries and Jesse Thorner, “New variants of arithmetic quantum ergodicity”, arXiv:2403.14591 (2025).

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