Ultra-flatness conjecture at roots of unity

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Let n>4n>4, and let

p(z)=a0+a1z+⋯+an−1zn−1p(z)=a_0+a_1z+\dots+a_{n-1}z^{n-1}

be a polynomial with coefficients ai∈{−1,1}a_i\in\{-1,1\}. Ultra-flatness conjecture at roots of unity. There exists ε0>0\varepsilon_0>0 such that

max⁡0≤j≤n−1∣∣p(e2πijn)∣−n∣≥ε0n1/4.\max_{0\leq j\leq n-1}\left|\left|p\left(e^{\frac{2\pi i j}{n}}\right)\right|-\sqrt n\right|\geq\varepsilon_0 n^{1/4}.

This is a sampling analogue of the open problem of ultra-flat ±1\pm1 polynomials: flatness is required only at the nnth roots of unity. The source presents this as an open conjecture.

References

Primary source

Stefan Steinerberger, “A Note on Approximate Hadamard Matrices”, arXiv:2402.13202 (2024).

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