Finiteness conjecture for vanishing determinants Dp(m)D_p^{(m)}

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For positive integers m,nm,n with nn odd, define

Dn(m)=det⁡[(j2−k2)m(j2−k2n)]1⩽j,k⩽(n−1)/2.D_n^{(m)}=\det\left[(j^2-k^2)^m\left(\frac{j^2-k^2}n\right)\right]_{1\leqslant j,k\leqslant(n-1)/2}.

For each positive odd integer mm, let

E(m)={p: p is a prime with 4∣p−1 and p∣Dp(m)}.E(m)=\left\{p:\ p\text{ is a prime with }4\mid p-1\text{ and }p\mid D_p^{(m)}\right\}.

Finiteness conjecture. For every positive odd integer mm, the set E(m)E(m) is finite. In particular,

E(5)={29},E(7)={13,53},E(9)={13,17,29},E(11)={17,29}.E(5)=\{29\},\quad E(7)=\{13,53\},\quad E(9)=\{13,17,29\},\quad E(11)=\{17,29\}.

These listed cases are computational observations; the source supplies no proof of the asserted finiteness.

References

Primary source

Zhi-Wei Sun, “Some determinants involving quadratic residues modulo primes”, arXiv:2401.14301 (2024).

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