Period-divisor conjecture for tripod Nim orbits

From papers

Let D(3,n)D(3,n) denote the dynamical system governing the relevant tripod Nim arrays, and consider its periodic orbits. Period-divisor conjecture. Every periodic orbit of D(3,n)D(3,n) has a period that divides

2(4n)(4n+1).2(4n)(4n+1).

The conjecture is motivated by observed periods in rows indexed by 8n8n through 8n+38n+3; the supplied text gives no proof or resolution.

Progress summary

Open

The conjecture remains unproved, and no verified counterexample or claimed solution was found.

Hennessey’s 2024 preprint formulates the conjecture that every periodic orbit of D(3,n)D(3,n) has period dividing 2(4n)(4n+1)2(4n)(4n+1). It is presented as an experimentally motivated conjecture based on observed periods, not as a theorem; the scan found no subsequent public proof, disproof, or verification.

Current status (as of August 2026): The period-divisor conjecture for D(3,n)D(3,n) remains open, with only the original computational motivation publicly documented.

Sources
Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Aidan Hennessey, “Tree and Tripod Nim”, arXiv:2401.07943 (2024).

Solutions 1

Counterexample

Counterexample at n=10n=10, the first value beyond the source's reported checks.

Conjecture 2 in Section 9.3 of Hennessey, Tree and Tripod Nim, arXiv:2401.07943, asserts that every periodic orbit of D(3,n)D(3,n) has period dividing

2(4n)(4n+1).2(4n)(4n+1).

Immediately afterward, the paper reports checking n9n\le9. The literal transition rule and its worked Figure 14 yield a counterexample at n=10n=10.

A state of D(3,n)D(3,n) is a binary array with three rows and 2n+32n+3 columns. Encode rows from bottom to top by

Ri=j=02n+2ri,j2j,R_i=\sum_{j=0}^{2n+2}r_{i,j}2^j,

so column zero, the leftmost column, is the least significant bit. The source's transition FF is:

  1. Harvest the leftmost column and shift every row left, appending a zero column on the right.
  2. Process rows with harvested bit zero from bottom to top.
  3. In each such row, insert a one into its leftmost zero outside the first nn columns, without reusing an insertion column in the same transition.

Equivalently, initialize

hi=Rimod2,Qi=Ri2,U=0.h_i=R_i\bmod2,\qquad Q_i=\left\lfloor\frac{R_i}{2}\right\rfloor, \qquad U=0.

For i=1,2,3i=1,2,3, leave QiQ_i unchanged when hi=1h_i=1. When hi=0h_i=0, take

ji=min{jn:bitj(Qi)=0, bitj(U)=0},j_i=\min\left\{j\ge n: \operatorname{bit}_j(Q_i)=0,\ \operatorname{bit}_j(U)=0\right\},

and replace

QiQi+2ji,UU+2ji.Q_i\leftarrow Q_i+2^{j_i}, \qquad U\leftarrow U+2^{j_i}.

Then F(R1,R2,R3)=(Q1,Q2,Q3)F(R_1,R_2,R_3)=(Q_1,Q_2,Q_3). Applying the same rule to the paper's worked D(8,4)D(8,4) example reproduces every one of its 88 displayed before-and-after entries, fixing the shift order, incubator convention, row priority, and insertion restrictions independently.

Now set n=10n=10, so the states have 2323 columns. Starting from the all-zero state, iteration reaches

S=(1,2047,2042)S=(1,2047,2042)

after exactly 109109 transitions. Exact integer iteration gives

F24(S)=(1024,2047,1021)S,F88(S)=(1,2038,3464)S,F132(S)=(1,2014,2082)S,F264(S)=(1,2047,2042)=S.\begin{aligned} F^{24}(S)&=(1024,2047,1021)\ne S,\\ F^{88}(S)&=(1,2038,3464)\ne S,\\ F^{132}(S)&=(1,2014,2082)\ne S,\\ F^{264}(S)&=(1,2047,2042)=S. \end{aligned}

Since

264=23311,264=2^3\cdot3\cdot11,

checking the maximal proper prime-divisor quotients 264/2=132264/2=132, 264/3=88264/3=88, and 264/11=24264/11=24 proves that the minimum period is exactly 264264.

However, the conjectured divisor at n=10n=10 is

2(4n)(4n+1)=24041=3280,2(4n)(4n+1)=2\cdot40\cdot41=3280,

and

3280=12264+112.3280=12\cdot264+112.

Therefore 2643280264\nmid3280, contradicting the conjecture.

There is an unrelated shift-order inconsistency between the source's preceding one-row argument and its explicit Section 9.3 transition. The witness above uses exactly the Section 9.3 rule and reproduces the paper's worked Figure 14. Even if the alternative earlier-proof convention is substituted, the all-zero D(3,10)D(3,10) state instead reaches a cycle of minimum period 220220, and

3280=14220+200,3280=14\cdot220+200,

so the proposed divisibility fails under that convention as well.

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