Lagarias's periodicity conjecture for the 2-adic Collatz map

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Let Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 be the ring of 22-adic integers, let T‾ ⁣:Q2→Q2\overline{T}\colon\mathbb{Q}_2\to\mathbb{Q}_2 be given by

T‾v(f)=3vf+v2(v∈{0,1}),\overline{T}_v(f)=\frac{3^v f+v}{2}\qquad(v\in\{0,1\}),

where at each iterate vv is the residue modulo 22 of the current element. An element of Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 is eventually T‾\overline{T}-periodic if some iterate of it is periodic under T‾\overline{T}. Lagarias's periodicity conjecture. The eventually T‾\overline{T}-periodic elements of Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 are exactly the elements of Q∩Z2\mathbb{Q}\cap\mathbb{Z}_2. It is known that all eventually T‾\overline{T}-periodic elements are rational, while the converse is the conjecture attributed to Lagarias. The conjecture remains open.

References

Primary source

Angelot Behajaina and Elad Paran, “The Collatz map analogue in polynomial rings and in completions”, arXiv:2312.00390 (2024).

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