Lagarias's periodicity conjecture for the 2-adic Collatz map

Let Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 be the ring of 22-adic integers, let T ⁣:Q2Q2\overline{T}\colon\mathbb{Q}_2\to\mathbb{Q}_2 be given by

Tv(f)=3vf+v2(v{0,1}),\overline{T}_v(f)=\frac{3^v f+v}{2}\qquad(v\in\{0,1\}),

where at each iterate vv is the residue modulo 22 of the current element. An element of Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 is eventually T\overline{T}-periodic if some iterate of it is periodic under T\overline{T}. Lagarias's periodicity conjecture. The eventually T\overline{T}-periodic elements of Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 are exactly the elements of QZ2\mathbb{Q}\cap\mathbb{Z}_2. It is known that all eventually T\overline{T}-periodic elements are rational, while the converse is the conjecture attributed to Lagarias. The conjecture remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Angelot Behajaina and Elad Paran, “The Collatz map analogue in polynomial rings and in completions”, arXiv:2312.00390 (2024).

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