The stable square-length asymptotic formula for orthogonal characters
Let , let be a partition, and let be the number of stable-square-length-extremal surfaces, orientable or non-orientable, with non-oriented boundary components corresponding to , modulo the equivalence specified in the source. Let be a partition, let be the corresponding stable irreducible character of , and let be the coefficient of in its power-sum expansion. Orthogonal stable square-length conjecture. For every partition ,
The conjecture extends the stable square-length asymptotic picture to orthogonal groups, where the relevant extremal surfaces may be non-orientable; the source notes exact surface formulas for power sums but does not prove this character formula.
References
Primary source
Doron Puder, Yotam Shomroni, Danielle Ernst-West and Matan Seidel, “Stable Invariants of Words from Random Matrices”, arXiv:2311.17733 (2026).
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