Separation-distance conjecture for least positive harmonic measures

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For d≥3d\geq3, integers n≥2n\geq2 and m≥3m\geq3, define

\mathfsMnm(Zd):=inf⁡A⊂Zd, y∈A: ∀x1,x2∈A, ∥x1−x2∥≥mHA(y),\mathfs{M}_n^m(\mathbb{Z}^d):=\inf_{A\subset\mathbb{Z}^d,\,y\in A:\,\forall x_1,x_2\in A,\ \|x_1-x_2\|\geq m}\mathbb{H}_A(y),

where ∥x1−x2∥\|x_1-x_2\| is graph distance. Separation-distance conjecture. (1) There exist C(d,m),c(d,m)>0C(d,m),c(d,m)>0 such that, for all n≥2n\geq2,

e−Cn1/d≤\mathfsMnm(Zd)≤e−cn1/d.e^{-C n^{1/d}}\leq\mathfs{M}_n^m(\mathbb{Z}^d)\leq e^{-c n^{1/d}}.

(2) When m≥f(n)m\geq f(n) for some increasing function f(n)f(n), there exist constants C(d),c(d)>0C(d),c(d)>0 such that, for all n≥2n\geq2,

cn−1≤\mathfsMnm(Zd)≤Cn−1.cn^{-1}\leq\mathfs{M}_n^m(\mathbb{Z}^d)\leq Cn^{-1}.

The conjecture predicts a transition from exponential to stretched-exponential, and eventually polynomial behavior as the required separation grows; the source gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Zhenhao Cai, Gady Kozma, Eviatar B. Procaccia and Yuan Zhang, “Vertex-removal stability and the least positive value of harmonic measures”, arXiv:2311.03670 (2023).

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