Saks's extremal gap conjecture for heights of incomparable elements

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For a poset PP, let h(P,x)h(P,x) denote the average height of xx, and let η(P)\eta(P) be the smallest absolute difference ∣h(P,x)−h(P,y)∣|h(P,x)-h(P,y)| over incomparable elements x,yx,y. Set

ϑ=14∏k=1∞(1−12k)−1.\vartheta=\frac14\prod_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(1-\frac1{2^k}\right)^{-1}.

Saks’s gap conjecture. Every poset PP that is not a chain satisfies

η(P)≤ϑ.\eta(P)\leq\vartheta.

The source gives constructions approaching ϑ\vartheta and reports the conjecture as open.

References

Primary source

Swee Hong Chan and Igor Pak, “Linear extensions of finite posets”, arXiv:2311.02743 (2025).

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