A Penrose-like lower bound for ADM momentum

Let (M,g,K)finMAF(M,g,K) fin \mathcal{M}_{\textnormal{AF}} and let {Σr}r[r0,)M\{\Sigma_r\}_{r\in[r_0,\infty)}\subset\mathcal{M}, where

Σr={r}×S2.\Sigma_r=\{r\}\times\mathbb{S}^2.

Suppose that the inner boundary Σr0\Sigma_{r_0} is a generalized apparent horizon and that the family {Σr}r(r0,)\{\Sigma_r\}_{r\in(r_0,\infty)} satisfies the strictly untrapped condition. The ADM momentum conjecture. One has

Pr0S2r2(JgN1J0)dAσ(r)dr.|\mathbf{P}|\leq\int_{r_0}^{\infty}\int_{\mathbb{S}^2}r^2\bigl(|\mathbf{J}|_g-N^{-1}|\mathbf{J}_0|\bigr)\,dA_{\sigma(r)}\,dr.

This conjecture would extend the momentum estimate underlying the Penrose inequality beyond spherical symmetry and provide a refined lower bound for the ADM mass in settings where the ADM momentum need not vanish.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Armando J. Cabrera Pacheco and Markus Wolff, “Families of non time-symmetric initial data sets and Penrose-like energy inequalities”, arXiv:2310.13547 (2023).

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