Almost-diameter conjecture for affine and projective actions

Let n2n\boxed{\geq 2} and q1q\geq 1. Define

Aq={(x1,,xn)(Z/qZ)n:gcd(q,x1,,xn)=1}A_q=\{(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^n:\gcd(q,x_1,\ldots,x_n)=1\}

as the primitive vectors, and let

Pq=Aq/(Z/qZ)×.P_q=A_q/(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^\times.

The group SLn(Z)\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{Z}) acts naturally on both spaces. For x,yx,y in either space, define

d(x,y):=min{logγ:γSLn(Z), γx=y}.d(x,y):=\min\{\log\|\gamma\|:\gamma\in\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{Z}),\ \gamma\cdot x=y\}.

Almost-diameter conjecture. For every ϵ>0\epsilon>0, and for qq large enough depending on ϵ\epsilon, the following holds.

  1. For every (x,y)Aq2(x,y)\in A_q^2 outside a set of exceptions of size ϵAq2\epsilon|A_q|^2, it holds that
d(x,y)(1n1+ϵ)logq.d(x,y)\leq \left(\frac{1}{n-1}+\epsilon\right)\log q.
  1. For every (x,y)Pq2(x,y)\in P_q^2 outside a set of exceptions of size ϵPq2\epsilon|P_q|^2, it holds that
d(x,y)(1n+ϵ)logq.d(x,y)\leq \left(\frac{1}{n}+\epsilon\right)\log q.

This is an optimal almost-diameter statement for the natural affine and projective actions, and is related to the optimal lifting property. The conjecture is known for PqP_q when qq is prime and n=3n=3, while several partial results are available; the general case remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Amitay Kamber and Péter P. Varjú, “Lifting all elements in SL_n(Z/qZ)”, arXiv:2310.10269 (2026).

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