Bóna–Dimitrov's Sturm-unimodality conjecture for Dyck-path polynomials

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Let Wn,k(x)=m=0kwn,k,mxmW_{n,k}(x)=\sum_{m=0}^{k}w_{n,k,m}x^m, where wn,k,mw_{n,k,m} counts Dyck paths of semilength nn with kk occurrences of UDUD and mm occurrences of UUDUUD. For real-rooted polynomials, G(x)F(x)G(x)\preccurlyeq F(x) denotes the interlacing relation, and a finite sequence is Sturm-unimodal if it increases under this relation up to some index and then decreases under the reverse relation. Bóna–Dimitrov's Sturm-unimodality conjecture. For any fixed n1n\geq 1, the polynomial sequence {Wn,k(x)}1kn\{W_{n,k}(x)\}_{1\leq k\leq n} is Sturm-unimdoal. The underlying polynomials are known to be real-rooted; the proposed Sturm-unimodality assertion remains unresolved in the supplied material.

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Primary source

Bo Wang and Candice X. T. Zhang, “Interlacing property of a family of generating polynomials over Dyck paths”, arXiv:2309.05903 (2023).

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