Ellenberg–Jain–Venkatesh distribution conjecture for lambda-invariants

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Fix a prime pp. For imaginary quadratic fields KK in which pp is inert, let \bb\b5p(K)\bb\b5_p(K) be the Iwasawa \bb\b5\bb\b5-invariant, and let rr be a nonnegative integer. Ellenberg–Jain–Venkatesh conjecture. The proportion of such fields for which \bb\b5p(K)=r\bb\b5_p(K)=r is

p−r∏t>r(1−p−t).p^{-r}\prod_{t>r}\left(1-p^{-t}\right).

This is a random-matrix heuristic for the distribution of Iwasawa invariants as the imaginary quadratic field varies. No resolution is given in the source.

References

Primary source

Aditya Karnataki and Anwesh Ray, “On the Iwasawa invariants of Artin representations”, arXiv:2309.03738 (2025).

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